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Ulugh Muhammad (died 1445) (Urdu; Persian; Arabic:; Tatar: ''Oluğ Möxämmäd'', Russian: ''Olugh Mokhammad''), written as Ulanus by orientalists, was twice Khan of the Golden Horde and founder of the Kazan Khanate. ==Reign== Ulugh Muhammad first came to power following the death of Yeremferden. His main competitor for control of the Horde was his cousin〔, Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, ''The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual'', p. 253. Edinburgh University Press, 2004.〕 Dawlat Berdi, The son of Yeremferden. For much of his reign Ulugh Muhammad controlled Sarai, and was therefore seen as the more legitimate ruler within the Horde, although it was captured by his rival after the Siege of Sarai in 1420 and held by him for two years. In 1422 Baraq Khan defeated both Ulugh Muhammad and Dawlat and drove them out of the country. while Dawlat remained in the outskirts of Crimea, Ulugh Muhammad fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and plead for assistance from Vytautas the Great. With this assistance he was able to march on Baraq and capture Sarai. After regaining control over the Khanate, Ulugh Muhammad marched on Crimea, where Dawlat Berdi had re-established himself following Baraq's defeat and death. After a series of indecisive skirmishes his invasion was cut short due to the death of Vaytautas, which forced Ulugh Muhammad to concentrate his forces on Lithuania, where he supported Sigismund I Kestutian against Svitrigaila in the fight for the Lithuanian throne. Svitrigaila in turn supported Dawlat Berdi and later Sayid Ahmad I, as did Vasili II of Russia. Ulugh Muhammad lost control of the Golden Horde again in the late 1430s and fled east, where he captured Kazan and founded the Kazan Khanate. From that location he waged a series of successful wars against Muscovy which culminated in the capture and ransom of Vasili II.〔Grousset, Rene: ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'', p. 181. Rutgers University Press, 1970.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ulugh Muhammad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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